1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Quanshan Block Daxue Rd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1795-1596 (W.L.)
2. School of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250061, PR China
3. School of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250061, PR China (Corresponding author), e-mail: zhangqingsong@sdu.edu.cn
4. Shandong Railway Transit Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., No. 5 Jiefang East Rd., Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China