Oral health, periodontal phenotype in patients with different mineral density (morphotypes) of bone tissue

Abstract

Background. Studying the systemic influence of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover on oral health and periodontal phenotype is relevant for predicting the course of periodontitis and making clinical decisions to achieve good treatment results. The purpose of the research is to study the oral health, periodontal phenotype, and bone metabolism depending on the BMD of the skeleton. Material and methods. One hundred and thirty-eight patients were examined and divided into three study groups depending on the BMD (Z-score): group І — increased BMD ­(Z-score > +1 SD), group ІІ (Z-score from +1 to –1 SD), group ІІІ (Z-score < –1 SD). The state of oral health, the severity and course of periodontal diseases, the peculiarities of bone metabolism according to biochemical markers of bone remodeling, and the BMD according to the results of dual-photon densitometry were determined. Results. Reduced bone turnover, resulting in decreased serum osteocalcin (18.96 ± 1.87 ng/ml in men and 19.11 ± 1.54 ng/ml in women), high level of parathyroid hormone was registered in patients with high BMD (group I). The oral health characteristics were identified, namely, the pathological tooth wear — abfraction (84.21 %) and attrition (76.31 %), the periodontal phenotype was characterized by a thick gingival biotype, mandibular exostoses, periodontitis and periodontitis were diagnosed. Increased bone turnover, active course of generalized periodontitis, thin gingival biotype, cervical caries and hyperesthesia of the dental hard tissues were registered in patients with low BMD (group III). Conclusion. The state of oral health, namely, the dental hard tissues, the periodontal phenotype has its own characteristics and are related to the morphotype of bone tissue — its BMD and bone metabolism. Such features must be taken into account when planning treatment measures for dental patients.