Traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of an emergency of man-made nature in Ukraine. Report three: analysis and characterization of victims depending on the sign of participation in the traffic

Abstract

Background. Road traffic injury remains a significant medical and social problem for all humanity at any time. The aim of the research: to determine the characteristics of the victims of traffic accidents depending on the sign of their participation in traffic and living conditions. Materials and methods. This article is a continuation of previous publications in the journal “Emergency medicine (Ukraine)”, that is, this component of the comprehensive study was conducted using a single factual material. The actual material of the study is 1,696 cases of traffic injuries, which were selected by the method of irreversible randomization. Model 1 of the real-life type was chosen to be a metropolis with a volume of actual material of 1,139 victims with traffic injuries, model 2 (rural area) — 315 cases, model 3 (regional city) — 242 cases. The study of the actual material was carried out using the methods of parametric and non-parametric statistics, the law of formal logic and fractal analysis. Results. The study found that the properties of the research models have a significant impact on the occurrence of injuries depending on the sign of participation in traffic. The largest specific weight of drivers was recorded in the metropolis (40.65 %), the smallest — in rural areas (16.19 %). The specific weight of passengers was the highest in the regional city (36.36 %), rural areas (23.49 %), and the lowest in the metropolis (22.43 %). The highest specific weight of pedestrians was observed in rural areas (60.32 %), in the metropolis this figure is 36.88 %, and the lowest specific weight is in the regional city (27.28 %). In addition, the influence of the characteristics of the models on the formation of the research array was found depending on the sign of participation in traffic and the victim’s gender. Attention is drawn to the very low share of female drivers (4.55 %) in rural areas, while in a regional city, this figure is 24.39 %. The influence of the properties of the models and signs of participation in traffic on the occurrence of a negative outcome of the traumatic process in the victims of traffic accidents has also been proven. As a result of the analysis, the impact of research models on the emergence and formation of the array of victims with a negative outcome of the traumatic process was determined, depending on their age and participation in the traffic. Conclusions. Probable and direct influence of living conditions and signs of participation in the traffic on the formation of an array of victims of traffic accidents has been found. Gender has a significant impact in all research models, and it is most pronounced in the conditions of a metropolis in male victims. The sign of participation in traffic has a significant effect on the outcome of the traumatic process in victims of traffic accidents. This effect is especially pronounced in those who were injured in rural areas. The highest fatality rate among all road users is observed among pedestrians in rural areas (37.37 %), and the lowest among drivers in metropolitan areas (3.02 %).