Abstract
Breast cancer continues to pose a significant threat to women’s health around the globe, requiring continuous research and innovation in treatment. In recent years, metal nanoparticles have emerged as a promising means of treating breast cancer with greater precision and efficiency. The in vivo studies have indicated that metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and platinum, have demonstrated a remarkable ability to selectively target breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. These nanoparticles’ size, shape, and surface chemistry can be altered to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and drug-loading capacity. They are also highly versatile for therapeutic applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and imaging. This review focuses on recent in vivo studies evaluating metal nanoparticles’ safety and efficacy in treating breast cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that metal nanoparticles can trigger apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and reduce metastasis in cancer cells. Furthermore, using these nanoparticles with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy has demonstrated a synergistic effect, enhancing treatment efficacy. This review also examines the challenges and concerns associated with the clinical translation of metal nanoparticles. Factors like biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and long-term safety profiles are discussed in the context of regulatory approval and patient-specific considerations. In conclusion, this review highlights the evolving landscape of breast cancer treatment with the development of metal nanoparticles, as evidenced by recent in vivo studies. In addition to their therapeutic versatility, these nanoparticles can potentially improve patient outcomes and decrease the burden of breast cancer on society.