Application of Nanobiosensors in Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria: An Update

Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a critical public health concern worldwide, necessitating the development of efficient and sensitive diagnostic tools. Nanobiosensors, comprising nanomaterials, offer a novel approach to bacterial pathogen detection. The present review aimed to explore the current research and applications of nanobiosensors for bacterial pathogen detection. Recent discoveries in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nanobiosensors with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. These nanoscale sensors are designed to detect specific bacterial pathogens through various mechanisms, including aptamers, antibodies, and molecular recognition elements. Furthermore, miniaturization and integration with microfluidic systems have enabled the rapid and point-of-care detection of bacterial infections. Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene into biosensing platforms has significantly enhanced their performance, leading to ultrasensitive detection of bacterial antigens and nucleic acids. Additionally, using nanobiosensors with advanced analytical techniques, such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric methods, has expanded the possibilities for accurate and real-time monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Nanobiosensors represent a promising frontier in the battle against bacterial infections. Their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response times, and potential for multiplexed detection make them invaluable tools for the early diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Developing cost-effective and portable nanobiosensors for resource-limited settings becomes increasingly possible as nanotechnology advances.