Cultivation Optimization and Biological Active Substances Activation Under In Vitro Callus Culture Conditions of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum)

Abstract

Callus cell cultures have a wide range of applications in the food industry, pharmacology and pharmacy, agriculture and biotechnology. The study aim is to develop an optimal technology for the cultivation and biological substances activation under in vitro callus culture conditions of basil (Ocimum basilicum). At the first research stage, a man developed a nutrient medium for culturing callus culture including, by weight %: ammonium nitrate – 4.75; potassium nitrate – 5.47; calcium chloride 2-aqueous – 1.27; magnesium sulfate 7-aqueous – 1.06; potassium dihydroorthophosphate – 0.49; EDTA disodium salt – 0.1; iron sulfate 7-aqueous – 0.08; boric acid – 0.02; magnesium sulfate 4-aqueous – 0.06; zinc sulfate 7-aqueous – 0.02; potassium iodide – 0.002; sodium molybdate 2-aqueous – 0.001; copper sulfate 5-aqueous – 0.001; cobalt chloride 2-aqueous – 0.001; glycine – 0.01; mesoinosite – 0.3; nicotinic acid – 0.001; pyridoxine – 0.002; sucrose – 86.35; benzylaminopurine – 0.01; naphthylacetic acid – 0.003. The second stage consists of a technology development for activating biological active substances of callus culture when exposed to biomass with blue light intensity of 1500 lux (Samsung 281b Quantum Line LEDs) in light/dark mode 24/24 h. As a result, the basil biomass yield was (24.44 ± 1.00) g/l. The number of secondary metabolites was, mg/g of dry weight: rosemary acid (54.5 ± 2.0); chicory acid (64.4 ± 1.9); eugenol (0.50 ± 0.100); caffeic acid (0.42 ± 0.1). The developed technology of cultivation and biological substances activation enables to obtain callus culture samples of high-quality ordinary basil regardless of various environmental factors, geographical restrictions and seasonal climate changes. The practical research results are of interest to the food industry.