Production Possibility of Raw Ingredients of Plant Origin with Increased Bioavailability

Abstract

The physical exposure methods use combined with amino acids to intensify the biologically active substances synthesis and the directional germination process flow is a promising for processing plant raw materials. The study aim is to obtain new data on the effectiveness of the combined action use of ultrasound and exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid solutions in the grain crop germination process to increase its nutritional value and bioavailability. The following types of grain crops were the research objects: wheat, barley and oats. Before the germination process, a man treated the grain with ultrasonic exposure ((22 ± 1.25) kHz; 245 W/l; 5 min) in the exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid solution. The researchers practiced two-factor planning. The γ-aminobutyric acid concentration (1; 3; 5 %) and the germination duration (12; 24; 36 h) acted as variable factors. The data obtained indicate a significant ultrasound exposure impact in combination with exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the synthesis and flavonoid accumulation, its bioavailability, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing effect, as well as the digestibility criterion of sprouted cereals. The average increase in the flavonoid content in the experimental samples during germination was 93% for wheat grain, 58 % for barley grain and 64 % for oat grain, respectively. The researchers proved an increase in the bioavailability index of this biologically active substance by 11–24 %. The experimental samples demonstrated a raise in the Tetrahymena pyriformis protozoa growth by 143–195 %, whereas for control germinated cereal samples – 65, 85 and 102 %, respectively. The long-life cycle duration of the simplest Parametium caudatum culture in the stress model was while using an extract from experimental sprouted grain crop samples. The conducted studies confirm the combination use effectiveness of ultrasonic exposure with exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid solutions of a given concentration in germination technology and enable obtaining plant raw ingredients with the desired properties.