Formation of seed potato yield depending on the elements of cultivation technology

Abstract

It is possible to realise the maximum genetic potential of modern potato varieties by improving the elements of agricultural technology, in particular, optimising plant nutrition, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the specific features of potato productivity formation depending on the elements of growing technology in Forest-Steppe conditions. Field studies were conducted during 2019-2021 on chernozem soils. The features of growth and development of potato varieties of various ripeness groups Laperla, Granada, and Memphis in Forest-Steppe conditions are examined. It is established that the yield of potato seed tubers of the varieties under study varies depending on the dose and method of fertilisation, the fraction of planting tubers, and varietal characteristics. The highest indicators of individual productivity of potato plants of the Laperla, Granada, and Memphis varieties were formed when locally applied in rows N45R45K45 against the background of semi-rotted manure, phosphorus-potassium fertiliser, and the use of seed tubers with a fraction of >60 mm. As a result of the action of the factors under study, the number of stems in the bush and under it increased. A strong direct correlation was established between the number of stems in the bush and the number of tubers (r=0.78), with a coefficient of determination of 61.0%. The maximum yield of potato tubers of the examined potato varieties (29.7-41.1 t/ha) was obtained by local application of N45R45K45 against the background of semi-rotted manure and phosphorus-potassium fertiliser, depending on the size of seed tubers by the largest transverse diameter. It was identified that the use of tubers with a fraction of >60 mm for planting the potato varieties under study is irrational since the consumption of seed material exceeds the yield growth indicators. It was determined that Laperla, Granada, and Memphis tubers with a fraction of 28-60 mm are optimal for planting potato varieties of different ripeness groups. The research results can be used to adjust the elements of agricultural technology of seed potatoes, obtain high-quality planting material, and conduct profitable agribusiness