Formation of grain yield and quality indicators of soybeans under the influence of fungicidal protection

Abstract

Soybean diseases reduce the energy of seed germination, dilute crops, reduce the photosynthetic surface and productivity of cultivated plants, and worsen quality indicators. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of fungicidal protection on the yield and quality of soybean grain. The following methods were used to achieve it: field, chemical (to determine the quality indicators of soybean grain), and statistical (to assess the reliability of data). The study was conducted in 2021-2022 in the conditions of TOV Savarske, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region. Soybean varieties Amadea and Aurelina and 10 variants of fungicidal protection were examined. It was identified that the increase in soybean grain yield when using fungicides is 0.41-0.72 t/ha, compared to the control. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained on the variants Celest top 312.5 FS, TH (1 l/t) + Abacus (2 l/ha) and Standak Top (2 l/t) + Abacus (2 l/ha) – 3.31 and 3.37 t/ha and 3.06 and 3.13 t/ha, respectively, in the varieties Amadea and Aurelina. There was no effect of the fungicides under study on the moisture content of soybean grains and the fat content of soybean seeds. There is an increase in protein content by 0.3-1.8% in variants with the use of fungicidal protection, compared to the control. The highest fat and protein content was obtained on the variant Standak Top (2 l/t) + Abacus (2 l/ha) and Celest top 312.5 FS, TH (1 l/t) + Abacus (2 l/ha) – 21.9 and 21.7% and 38.5 and 42.4%, respectively, in the varieties Amadea and Aurelina. The results of the conducted studies can be used in production conditions to improve the protection of soybean crops from diseases and increase the yield and quality of grain of this crop