Artemia salina Lethality and Histopathological Studies of Siam Weed, Chromolaena odorata

Abstract

Siam weed, <em>Chromolaena odorata</em>, leaves, stem, and root were extracted with aqueous and ethanol solvents within 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours. The extractions were determined amount of total phenolic compound using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The extract that showed the highest amount of total phenolic compound was used for evaluating the cytotoxicity test against <em>Artemia salina</em> at varying concentrations as 0, 50, 500, 5,000 and 50,000 ppm. The cytotoxicity data were determined the median and 90% lethal concentration, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀, respectively, within 24 hours. The result revealed that the highest amount of total phenolic compound was 198.02+3.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of aqueous leaf extraction in 24 h. Therefore, the 24-hour aqueous extract of <em>C. odorata</em> leaf expressed the 24-h LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values in <em>A. salina</em> were 43, 551 and 78,391 ppm, respectively. The lesions were observed in intestinal parts such as edema, deformation or elongation of the enterocytes, blebbing cells, and pyknotic cells.