Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Fruit Extract of <i>Hylocereus undatus</i> Linn. and its Antiurolithiatic Activity Against Struvite Kidney Stones

Abstract

Aim: The objective of the study is to synthesize and characterize the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles from natural sources. The aqueous extract of Hylocereus undatus Linn. fruit was used to synthesize Zinc oxide nanoparticles that were taken for the investigation of antiurolithiatic activity against the struvite stones. Methods: The Preliminary analysis of phytochemical screenings was carried out to study the secondary metabolites of the fruit. The magnetic stirrer method was used to synthesize the Zinc oxide Nanoparticles then their characterizations were determined by Ultra Violet (UV) spectral analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis. Struvite kidney stones were synthesized by a single diffusion method to carry out the antiurolithiatic activity. Results: The results proved the availability of various secondary metabolites and their concentrations. The prepared Zinc oxide Nanoparticles were evaluated by the ultraviolet spectral analysis and the specific range by 274.90nm, organic compounds under the FTIR analysis gave the expected outcome. The external structures by SEM show the body-centred cubic structure. The clear formation of ZnO NPs was revealed by the EDAX analysis. The nature of the crystal by XRD revealed the satisfied outcomes. The struvite kidney crystals were developed and after the crystallization they underwent scaling and morphological observation, and then the rate of inhibition was recorded. Conclusion: It was concluded that this novel work shows extraordinary outcomes. The sample of H. undatus fruit extract has a potent inhibitor of struvite kidney stones. Another focus of the study is on reducing the toxic side effects of nanoparticles through the fabrication of ZnO NP by using fruit extract also successfully exhibited.