Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Salicin in an Experimental Animal Model of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract

Background: Diabetic neuropathy stands as the most prevalent secondary complication connected with diabetes mellitus. The susceptibility of mammalian nerves to oxidative stress is heightened due to their rich phospholipid content, leading to a reduced ability to counteract the free radicals responsible for neuropathy. While synthetic treatments can help alleviate oxidative stress, they often come with unwanted side effects. Shifting the focus towards natural pharmaceuticals could mitigate these negative effects. Phenolic compounds abundant in antioxidants may aid in reducing oxidative stress. Aim: Assess the preventive influence of Salicin, a phenolic compound against diabetic neuropathy induced by Streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: Four weeks following the injection of STZ into the peritoneal cavity, a noticeable reduction in thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, motor coordination and locomotor activity was noted. Natural antioxidants such as reduced glutathione and catalase were assessed along with lipid peroxidation levels on the 28th day and the sciatic nerve was subjected to histopathological examination. Results: Orally administering Salicin at dosages of 10, 15, and 20mg/kg over 28 days successfully mitigated the reduction in the nociceptive threshold and bolstered the levels of endogenous antioxidants. It also mitigated the unwanted histopathological changes effectively based on the dosage. Conclusion: Salicin having antioxidant properties, demonstrates potential in alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain and preventing associated complications.