A Case Study of the Management of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Applying <i>Ayurveda</i> Treatment

Abstract

Background: Chronic inflammatory skin disease Atopic Dermatitis (AD) compromises the skin barrier and decreases cell-mediated immune activity. The acute stage of this condition is characterised by erythema, edema, vesicles, and fluid leakage, while the chronic stage is marked by thickening and hyperpigmentation, known as lichenification. The prevalence of skin conditions is increasing daily. Other medicinal methods offer just a partial cure, though. Skin issues can be effectively managed with the help of Ayurveda. Vicharchika can be likened to atopic dermatitis, exhibiting similar characteristics as described in ancient Ayurvedic texts. Aim: The study aims to assess the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment in managing Atopic dermatitis. The study aims to evaluate the impact of Ayurveda intervention on the severity of symptoms and quality of life of paediatric patients with Atopic dermatitis. Methods: The study involved a 4-year-old girl presenting with scaly, dry, pruritic skin, reddish, blackish excoriated lesions, and oozing. The patient sought treatment at the Kaumarbhritya outpatient section of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre. The treatment plan spanned two weeks of Ayurvedic medicines and dietary recommendations, followed by a one-month inpatient phase. Inpatient care included dietary modifications, internal medicines, Snehapana (ghee consumption), Kushtahara (itch-alleviating), and Kandughna (anti-pruritic) Dravyas. Results: The Ayurvedic treatment yielded positive results for the patient. Notable improvements were observed, including a reduction in excoriation, irritation and dryness. The severity of the condition was assessed using SCORAD SCALE, which showed a decline from the initial score of 46.3 to a post-treatment score of 17.8. Additionally, the patient’s condition improved significantly, transitioning from severe eczema to a state of near clarity as assessed by the POEM SCALE. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment in effectively managing atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. The positive outcomes observed, both in terms of symptom relief and improved quality of life, underscore the potential of Ayurveda as a valuable therapeutic approach for addressing chronic inflammatory skin disorders like atopic dermatitis. Maintaining dietary restrictions and ongoing internal medication emerged as essential strategies to prevent the recurrence of the condition.