Use of Orchids in <i>Ayurveda</i>: Is Substitution Scientific and Appropriate?

Abstract

The concept of substitution, as Pratinidhidravya, is profound in the Indian traditional medicinal system, the Ayurveda. This science of life mode of holistic medication has been practiced for ages. With the dilution of knowledge in the post-Vedic era and with the discrepancies in documentation processes of several medicinal drugs, there exist tremendous needs to validate the scientific study of substitutes that are mentioned in various standard Ayurvedic references. In addition to government efforts to standardize the drug, it certainly falls into the responsibility and jurisdiction of every herbal scientist and Ayurvedic practitioner to collaborate and rejuvenate this marvelous medicinal goldmine. Often, orchids are very much praised for their medicinal value in Ayurveda, and several genera are used in various forms regularly. However, due to mainly over-exploitation, often the original drug is substituted by some either related or unrelated drugs. This review aims to elaborate and, in turn, understand the need, authenticity, and scientific appropriateness of certain herbs which are used to substitute Orchids in Ayurveda. A global and standardized approach is needed to understand the need and process of substituting a particular drug in both monoherbal and polyherbal formulations, in order to develop a potent medication for certain diseases.