Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Evaluation and Unlocking the Pharmacological Power of <i>Pyrus communis</i> L. Leaf Extract on DOCA Salt Induced Hypertension in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objectives: Identification of the active ingredient in medication is greatly aided by pharmacognostical and phytochemical research, such as the macroscopic, GC-MS analysis and to study hypertensive treatment with ethanolic extract of Pyrus communis L. Methods: Transverse sections, powder microscopy, Histochemical analysis also performed preliminary phytochemical analysis and GC-MS of P. communis. The different groups of Wistar rats were administered 400mg/kg as a lower dose and 600mg/kg as a higher dose given DOCA salt-induced hypertension. Results: Histochemical analysis of this leaf shows the presence of cutin, mucilage cells, tannin, alkaloids, lignin, starch grains, calcium oxalates cluster crystals, and oils. Eleven components in the extract were reported via GC-MS. This report confirms the existence of various phytocomponents which are 4-pyridine methanol; N-Methylmaleimide; 4-acetyl-1h-pyrroline-2-carbaldehyde; Carbamic acid, 2-(Dimethyl amino) Ethyl Ester; 5-Acetyl-4-Amino-3-(2-Dimethylaminoethylthio)Thieno[3,2-C]Isothiazole; Cyclobutaneoctol; 1,3-Propane diamine, N, N’-Bis (3-Aminopropyl)-; Arginine; 9-Methyl-11-Oxo-1,6-Diaza tricyclo [7.2.0.0(6,8)] Undecane; Egtazic Acid; animal study significantly reduced the pressure compared to the control group. P. communis ethanolic extract possesses a significant (p≤0.05) reduction in hypertensive rats from measurements of control group as 157/137 mmHg systolic and diastolic blood pressure to 140/98 mmHg in 600 mg/kg Conclusions: These results will also be helpful to add to the advanced knowledge of P. communis standardisation and identification, which are essential components in separating real Pyrus species from adulterants and imitations in the herbal medicine formulations better for the treatment of hypertension. The empirical and phytochemical study of P. communis leaf holds significant potential for the development of novel herbal remedies for hypertensive patients.