Exploring Stevia: A Natural Sweetener with Multifaceted Health Benefits

Abstract

Natural sweeteners, especially those derived from plants, have become popular as low-calorie options compared to traditional sweeteners. Such discussion explores the world of natural sweeteners, emphasizing the growing demand for alternatives to artificial ones like saccharin and cyclamates. These sweeteners, sourced from plants, fruits, and honey, provide a healthier choice with fewer calories. Stevia, extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, is a notable natural sweetener due to its zero-calorie content and strong sweetness. The review explores the background of Stevia, its glycoside compounds, and how it attains its sweetness. The pharmacological aspects of Stevia are also explored, highlighting its potential benefits in managing Type 2 diabetes, reducing blood pressure, alleviating inflammation, acting as an antioxidant, and showing anticancer properties. Studies suggested that Stevia’s active ingredients, are primarily Stevioside and Rebaudioside A, contribute to its sweetness. The chemical composition of these active ingredients is influenced by factors like geographical location, cultivars, and processing methods. Stevia offers advantages such as low caloric content, suitability for diabetics, and benefits for dental health, making it an appealing sugar substitute for those focused on weight management and a health-conscious lifestyle. However, it is important to note potential drawbacks, including a bitter aftertaste, individual sensitivities, and regulatory considerations. Some commercial Stevia products may contain additives that impact their nutritional profile. Despite these factors, high-purity Stevia extracts have received safety approvals from global food safety authorities. In summary, Stevia emerges as a natural sweetener with the potential to address health-related concerns linked to traditional sugar consumption.