<i>Apium graveolens</i> Aqueous Extract Reduced Cardiovascular Diseases and Inflammatory Biomarkers Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed BALB/C Mice

Abstract

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular disease prevention has always been a high goal. The goal of this study is to investigate if Apium graveolens has any influence on cardiovascular disease risk factors, biomarkers, and inflammatory biomarkers in male BALB/c mice that have been given a high-fat diet. Methods: Apium graveolens aqueous extract was given to male BALB/c mice, and they were either fed a standard pellet or a diet composed of cholesterol (0.15%), sodium cholate (0.5%), and pure coconut oil (21%) for 12 weeks. Serum fasting glucose, a lipid profile, liver function tests, and cardiac indicators were used to evaluate the extract’s anti-dyslipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective characteristics. Antioxidant enzyme markers in tissues were also evaluated. To evaluate inflammatory and CVD biomarkers in cardiac tissue, RT-qPCR and ELISA were used. An unpaired t-test assessed group differences. P < 0.05 showed significance. Results: The HFD control group exhibited considerably higher levels of blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatic indicators, inflammatory and cardiac markers, and lower levels of HDL-C and antioxidant enzymes. When administered orally, an aqueous extract of Apium graveolens significantly reduced blood glucose levels. Serum lipids and liver indicators returned to nearnormal levels. In addition to a considerable reduction in MDA levels, treated mice showed a large increases in catalase and reduced glutathione activities. Inflammatory and cardiovascular disease biomarker expression was reduced in the extract-treated groups. Conclusions: Apium graveolens consumption may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disorders.