A Correlative Study of Dead Body Preservation (<i>Mritsanrakshan</i>) Described in Literatures of <i>Ayurveda</i> with Contemporary Knowledge of Anatomy

Abstract

Human anatomy is the science that deals with the structure of the human body. The term anatomy is derived from the Greek word “anatome”, meaning cutting up. Study of anatomy both theoretically and practically to fully understand the body. Dissection is the base of practical knowledge of human anatomy for medical students and before the dissection; there is a need for preservation of the dead body. Acharya Sushruta was the first physician and surgeon who dissected a human dead body in the ancient era. The “Jalnimajjan Padhhati” of Mritsanrakshan, a hydrobiological method of preserving dead bodies, was imparted by Acharya Sushruta, the father of surgery, in Ayurveda around 1500 years before B.C. Acharya Sushruta has used natural materials which are found anywhere easily and described the detailed structure of the human body from external to internal, seven types of skin (Twacha and Kala) etc. In the modern era, dead body preservation is done with the prepared solution of various chemicals. This process is called embalming. Acharya Charaka mentioned that knowledge of Sukshm and Sthul Sharir is very necessary for the Sharir Rachana. Acharya Sushruta is the foremost authority on the anatomical structures of the human body. He has provided comprehensive details on every body component described in Ayurvedic literature, specifically with “Sharire Sushruta Shreshta.”