Affiliation:
1. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding
2. Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin
Abstract
Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected rootstock will allow identifying the possibility of a cultivar. It is the rootstock that controls growth, has a great influence on the rate of fertility, fruiting and marketable qualities of the fruits of the grafted cultivar. The introduction of apple graft-rootstock combinations into wide production to obtain consistently high yields with fruits of high commodity and biochemical qualities requires a rational selection of cultivars and rootstocks.Methods. Apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas were studied for yield indicators in accordance with the «Program and methodology of fruit, berry and nut variety study». The assessment of the biochemical composition of fruits was carried out at VNIISPK in the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage according to generally accepted methods «Methods of biochemical research of plants» and «Evaluation of cultivars by the chemical composition of fruits».Results. As a result of studying the biochemical composition of the fruits of apple cultivars grown on clonal rootstock 62-396 and dwarf intercalary rootstocks 62-396 and 3-17-38, it was found that the content of soluble solids in the fruits of Orlinka on the studied rootstocks was greater than that of Yablochny Spas. The highest sugar content in fruits was in Orlinka on dwarf intercalary rootstocks 62-396 and 3-17-38: 11.00% and 11.54%, respectively. In the fruits of Yablochny Spas, titrated acids were less in all variants of the experiment than in Orlinka. There were no significant differences in the accumulation of ascorbic acid in fruits between cultivars and graft-rootstock combinations. During the entire period of study, the resulting yield in Orlinka significantly exceeded the yield of Yablochny Spas.
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