Evaluation of varieties of winter barley of different ecological and geographical origin according to economically valuable traits and properties

Abstract

Relevance. The conditions of the Rostov region are characterized by a change in environmental factors (severe winters, drought, waterlogging in some years, different levels of soil fertility, etc.), therefore, production requires varieties with a wide level of adaptivity, tolerance to the most harmful diseases, resistant to lodging, abiotic stress. The purpose of the research is to study varieties of various ecological and geographical origin and to identify sources of economically valuable traits and properties of winter barley for inclusion in breeding programs and their involvement in hybridization.Methods. The research was carried out in 2018–2021 in a variety test on the predecessor of peas. The study included 28 varieties of domestic (FSBI ANC «Donskoy», FSBI «North Caucasian FNAC», FSBI «National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko») and foreign (Ukraine, Germany) breeding. Weather conditions during the years of research made it possible to obtain relatively high yields in the nursery, as well as to fully evaluate the breeding material according to the main economically valuable characteristics and properties.Results. The highest yield was obtained for varieties Marusya (Russia) — 7.9 t/ha, Erema — 7.4 t/ha, Vivat — 7.3 t/ha (Russia), KWS-Meredian — 7.3 t/ha (Germany), Ogonkovsky — 7.2 t/ha (Russia). Two varieties can be distinguished as sources of precocity — Fox 1 (Russia) and KWS-Casino (Germany), in which earing was noted on May 12–13. The varieties Explorer 5 and Explorer 7 (Germany) stood out in terms of coarse grain. Such varieties as Capten (2.6 g), KWS-Meredian (2.5 g), Explorer 7 (Germany) (2.6 g), Galaktion (Switzerland) (2.5 g), Plato (Russia) (2.5 g) formed a high mass of grain from the ear. The sources of shortness are two varieties: Fox 1 (Russia) and KWS-Casino (Germany). According to the results of the analysis, varieties that can be used as a starting material in breeding programs for winter barley have been identified.