Affiliation:
1. Federal Research Center «V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Institute»
Abstract
Relevance. The problem of the influence of land use methods on the loss of potassium by soils, one of the main elements in the triad of plant nutrition, is considered.Methods. The studies were carried out in 1996–2020 on the basis of monitoring the potassium content in the soils of the Gubino VNIIMZ agro-polygon located within the limits of a finite moraine hill. The monitoring was carried out on an agro-ecological transect — an industrial array that crosses the main landscape positions of the hill and consists of 10 parallel fields, each of which has an individual history. Potassium was determined in each field at 30 sampling points located 40 m apart, which made it possible to assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic conditions on it. Correlation coefficients and regression models of the dependence of potassium losses on the totality of anthropogenic factors in various microlandscapes were calculated.Results. It is established that the nature of potassium migration depends on time, the characteristics of the natural conditions of the field and the history of its use. In the mode of extensive cultivation of crops, its content in soils is significantly reduced. Within the agricultural landscape, the spatial dynamics of losses is influenced by the diversity of natural conditions, while the nature of the history of fields affects migration flows only in certain parts of it. The features of the agricultural landscape that intensify potassium losses are a light granulometric composition and the dominance of eluvial processes. In transit and accumulative geocomplexes, potassium losses are lower. Based on the regularities obtained, it is possible to develop measures for the adaptive placement of land and crops, which makes it possible to minimize the loss of potassium.
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