Productivity of apple variety Majesti in the foothill zone of Dagestan

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the productivity of the parameters of the introduced apple variety Majesti on the clonal rootstock M9 in the agro-ecological conditions of the southeastern foothill sub-province of Dagestan. The purpose of the research is to identify the biological potential of the variety, the adaptive potential for the construction of intensive-type orchards in the industrial horticulture zone. It is especially important to choose the optimal variety-rootstock combinations of apple trees, which should be distinguished by early maturity, annual productivity, high commercial quality of fruits and environmental sustainability. The southeastern foothill sub-province has great prospects for the development of industrial horticulture. Of the unfavorable environmental factors that negatively affect the vital activity of fruit crops, the most often noted are return colds in spring and early frosts in autumn, when fruit plants are still growing. In accordance with the research program of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan, it is envisaged to study the influence of different rootstocks (M9, SK-2, SK-7, MM106) on the productivity of the Majesti variety. Based on the research results, biometric indicators of the growth and productivity of trees in a young garden were determined, depending on the type of planting design. It was noted that at the age of three, the condition of trees on a 5-point scale is good. The height of the trees, depending on the rootstock, reached an average of 2.3 to 2.9 m. On dwarf rootstocks M9, the stem diameter of the Majesti variety was 4.2 cm, of the control variety Renet Simirenko — 3.5. The growth of annual shoots clearly reflects the growth activity of trees with different varieties of rootstock combinations. It has been established that the growth of dwarf rootstocks provides a weakening effect and allows growing lowgrowing trees with a compact crown, a strong stem, that are convenient for earning and harvesting. The largest number of fruit formations was noted in the introduced cultivar Majesti with a 3.0x1.5 planting pattern on a dwarf stock M9 (67 pieces) then in comparison on the control variety Renet Simirenko it was46 pieces. Productivity per tree was 7.1 kg, in the control variety Renet Simirenko — 5.3 kg. Calculated per hectare, productivity of the Majesti variety is 15.7 tons, Renet Simirenko — 11.7 tons.