Crop capacity and grain quality of winter wheat varieties cultivated by intensive technology in the south-west of the Central region of Russia

Abstract

Relevance. In the context of improving food security and according to the development strategy of the grain complex of the Russian Federation, crop capacity quality increase of wheat grain remains a priority. It is significant to research winter wheat varieties selected in different geographical selection centres, in specific soil and climatic conditions, in order to identify their genetic potential.Methods. The research was conducted in 2015–2021 in the south-west of the centre of Russia. The object of the research was a set of 12 modern winter wheat varieties cultivated by intensive technology on grey forest soils in the Bryansk region.Results. Due to its genetic potential, each of the varieties has shown its responsiveness to the prevailing weather conditionsue to their geographical origin, there was a significant variation in crop capacity of the varieties Moskovskaya 40, Moskovskaya 56, Mera, Lgovskaya 8, Amelia. The varieties by Belarusian selection showed the maximum average yield (8.41 t/ha). The varieties under study formed coarse grain. However, such varieties as Nemchinovskaya 57, Poem, Elegy, Moskovskaya 56 should be attributed to the most stable ones, characterized by the minimal variation of this descriptor over the years. All varieties of winter wheat, with the exception of Lgovskaya 4 and Lgovskaya 8, formed the grain of the first class by the basal grain-unit. The "year" factor made the greatest contribution to the change in the protein (47.5%) and gluten content (57.5%) in grain. Among the varieties of Belarusian and Russian selection, Amelia (CV = 5.7%) and Moskovskaya 39 (CV = 12.3%) varieties can be distinguished as those forming stable highprotein grain with a high gluten content.