Dependence of crop capacity and grain quality of winter triticale varieties on the level of mineral nutrition and seeding rates

Abstract

Relevance and methodology. The response of present winter triticale varieties to the nitrogen nutrition level was assessed at different seeding rates in the agro-climatic conditions of the Bryansk region. The research object was a set of new winter triticale varieties cultivated by intensive technology on gray forest tame soils in the Bryansk region.The purpose of the research was to identify the potential of crop capacity and grain quality of present varieties of winter triticale, depending on the mineral nutrition level and seeding rates. Field experiments were carried out in the educational and experimental farm of the Bryansk State Agrarian University in 2019–2021 with the following crop rotation system: vetch-oats mixture for green fodder, winter triticale, potato, spring wheat.Results. It was established that the grain yield of the varieties under study largely depended on the conditions of moisture and heat availability in the growing season. In the experiment variant with N168Р96К96 and additional fertilizing of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate at the rates of N24 and N10 during spring vegetation and in the shooting stage, the varieties Tornado, Runo, Nina, Impulse, Tribune, Carnet and Legion were distinguished due to the producing programmed grain yield — from 85 to 100 ctw/ha. The grain yield of the varieties Dynamo, Nemchinovskaya 56, Promet and Valentin was from 83.3 to 84.4 ctw/ha on average. In the experiment years all the varieties under study formed stable yields and grain with a high content of crude protein and gluten. On tame soils, with high rates of mineral fertilizers and tank mix of herbicides, the seeding rates of winter triticale seeds can be reduced to 4.5 and 5.0 mln pcs of germinating seeds per 1 ha, therefore, these agrotechnical techniques can be recommended into production as the most important factor of increase of high-quality grain yield.