The changes of economically valuable signs got under the influence of gamma-ryes

Abstract

Relevance. The plants treated and modified under the influence of a physical mutagen of the Co60 isotope at doses of 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000 and 30000 r were grouped into types. Changes in such economically valuable features as yield per one bush, fiber yield, weight of raw cotton in one boll and fiber length under the influence of the Co60 isotope in experimental optionss were studied. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, an increase in fiber yield was observed. In the AzNIHI-195 variety, when exposed to a lower dose of gamma rays (500 R) on seeds before sowing, the fiber yield was 35.9%, at a high dose (30,000 R) — 37.2%. Fiber yield varies depending not only on the variety, but also on the placement of the bolls on the bush. Forms with short and long fibers selected according to various options are of particular importance as a starting material and on their basis, in the next generation, it is possible to select forms with long fibers. The resulting economically valuable forms will be used as starting material in breeding work.Methods. The research studied the change in the mass of raw cotton of one boll under the influence of gamma rays on seeds. The results of the impact of gamma rays on the seeds of varieties AzNIKHI-104 and AzNIKHI-195 in M 1 shows a change in the mass of raw cotton in one boll. On this basis, sharp differences were obtained both in the effect of different doses of gamma rays among themselves, and in comparison with the control option. In the variety AzNIKHI-104 in M1, the obtained differences were at the ranges of 0.2–0.9 gr. At a high concentration of mutagens, a sharp change in the average weight of one boll was observed.Results. In both varieties, an increase in the dose of the mutagen leads to an increase in both the mass and the yield of raw cotton fiber, while the yield of raw cotton in one bush decreases. When exposed to high doses, low-yielding, semi-sterile and sterile plants are obtained, and the length of the fiber increases at low doses. A similar result is observed in both cotton varieties.