Method of resource potential management for efficient grain growing in the agricultural landscapes of Siberia

Abstract

Relevance. The solution of social problems caused by food production, as well as the creation of jobs in rural populations are the main functional feature of the crop growing industry in the agro-industrial complex. Moreover, grain production per capita in the amount of 1-1.2 t/person is the basis for a prosperous future for Russia. In the emerging market relations, the competitiveness of the products produced is determined by their price and quality. However, not all is well in grain production: it remains extensive, energy-intensive and ecologically unbalanced. To conduct extended reproduction, the level of profitability should be 25-30%. Low and unstable profitability of agriculture, as well as the frequent unpredictability of the volume of government support, create problems in the development of the industry. And the percentage increase in the efficiency of the cultivation of grain crops does not give the desired results. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the method of managing the resource potential of agrolandscapes by mechanical and technological solutions based on the detection of significant soil-climatic factors affecting the yield of grain crops and creating the necessary conditions for a more complete implementation of their genetic potential, which is expressed by the creation of a chain of an additional product that determines the efficiency of the cultivation of grain cultures in Siberia.Methods. The studies are based on a systematic approach, the methods of the hierarchy and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics and differential calculus, experimental methods.Results. For quantitative assessment and accounting of the actions of natural and climatic conditions, an analytical expression is proposed of the possible amount of yield for the cultivation of grain crops. As the control effects, to obtain a given average level of the yield of grain crops (at least 3.0 t/ha) in agrolandscapes, a rational structure recommended for the conditions of Siberia of three levels of intensity of agrotechnologies is proposed: extensive — 31.0%; normal — 49.0%; intense — 20.0%. The algorithm of their synthesis is developed. The proposed methodological approaches and mechanical and technological solutions contribute to a decrease in the “contrast” of the current situation through a rational hierarchical management of the structure of consumed resources in Siberian agrolandscapes to obtain an additional grain product.