Features of the formation of the yield of industrial hemp plants under the influence of methods of protection against harmful organisms

Abstract

Relevance. The study of the effects of insecticides when applied to seeds and ground spraying, fungicides and growth regulator in tank mixtures of mordants is an important component affecting the productivity of the studied crop to optimize the phytosanitary state of the agricultural cenosis of hemp.Methods. In the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution FNC LC in the conditions of the Penza region in 2020–2023 a field experiment was conducted with hemp of the Central Russian ecotype of the Nadezhda variety according to the following scheme of three-factor experiment: factor A — seed treatment with protectants containing insecticidal substances “Celest Top, KS” and “Tabu, VSK”, used in the norms of 3.0 l/t; factor B — application of fungicides “Benorad, SP”, “Bunker, VSK”, as well as the growth regulator “Albit, TPS”, used in the norms of 2 kg /t, 0.4 and 0.05 l/t, respectively; factor C is the treatment of plants with the insecticide “Samurai Super, CE” at a rate of 1.5 l/ha.Results. The studied pesticides and growth regulator provided reliable protection of cannabis plants from hemp flea and root rot (“Celest Top” + “Benorad” or “Bunker”). Preparations from the pest allowed to obtain  an  increase  in  the  yield  of  stems  (32.8%  and  27.8%)  and  seeds  (13.4%  and  13.4%).  With  fungicidal disinfection of the seed material, the preserved yield of stems was 29.9% and 29.2%, seeds — 15.7% and 15.1%. Ground spraying with the insecticide “Samurai Super”, seed etching with the fungicides “Benorad” and “Bunker” in combination with the drug “Celest Top” provided an increase in seed yield by 0.40 and 0.39 t/ha, with the drug “Tabu” — by 0.30 and 0.33 t/ha, stems — by 2.36 and 1.56 t/haha, 1.6 and 1.95 t/ha, respectively.