Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse, as lignocellulosic biomass encompassing sixty percent carbohydrates, is a substantial waste and a renewable source of fermentable sugars. Sugarcane bagasse is mainly utilized for co-generation because of its special chemical composition. Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane bagasse can produce biogas and fertilizer, but pretreatment is necessary to overcome recalcitrance. The literature often uses milled biomass as a substrate, which doesn’t accurately represent the impact of pretreatment type on biogas generation. Sugars are used as a feedstock for the fermentation-based manufacture of several renewable chemicals and fuels that are important for accelerating industrialization. Lactic acid is a major industry for biomass-derived chemicals. Fermentation dominates ninety percent of lactic acid production by utilizing abundant feedstock and sugar-rich food. The microbial production of lactic acid is gaining interest due to its exceptional optical purity, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced efficiency. However, challenges include feedstock costs, energy consumption, substrate and end-product inhibition, inhibitory compounds, and lower optical purity. Lactic acid-based low-cost manufacturing benefits developing nations. The current analysis highlights biochemical advances in commercializing lactic acid production using bagasse feedstock. This review identifies these limitations and discusses solutions for industrial lactic acid production. The study also explores pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation techniques for industrial and lab-scale lactic acid production. This study encapsulates the sugarcane bagasse-derived lactic acid processing, highlighting the potential of 2G lactic acid in expanding sugar industries and bio-based fuel production.