Abstract
This paper derives the Shapiro time delay for light travelling close to a massive object using Newtonian gravitation. Using the fact that in black body radiation, the flux density of photons is proportional to the square of the frequency of the associated light, a relationship between frequency and light speed was derived. This, along with the basic gravitational redshift equation, was used to determine the speed of light entering a gravitational field. This light speed equation enabled the derivation of the complete Shapiro time delay formula, inclusive of the factor of 2 missing from a previous Newtonian derivation.
Reference7 articles.
1. Shapiro, I.I., Fourth Test of General Relativity, Physical Review Letters, 13, 789, 1964.
2. Shapiro, I.I., Ash, R.B., Ingalls, R.P. and Smith, W.B., Fourth Test of General Relativity: New Radar Result, Physical Review Letters, 26, 1132, 1971.
3. Possel, M., The Shapiro Time Delay and the Equivalence Principle, arXiv: 2001.00229v1, 31 Dec 2019.
4. F.J. Blatt, Modern Physics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992.
5. J.P. Wesley, Selected Topics in Scientific Physics, Benjamin Wesley-Publisher, Germany, 2002.