The Pandora Box from 12 Countries: Who Benefits More from Modern Interventions?

Abstract

Aging constitutes an inevitable decline in vitality, representing a phenomenon that affects the population since the advent of vaccination and the doubling of life expectancy at birth. Preventive medicine stands as the cornerstone of life-saving efforts, offering an opportunity that is shaped by factors such as gender, financial resources, health consciousness, and individual decisions. It has been observed that males tend to experience the onset of chronic illnesses at an earlier stage than females, leading to a shorter life expectancy for males. While this traditional assumption may persist, recent findings in gender-specific mortality rates have revealed a significant reversal. A notable shift in the modern dynamics of gender-based mortality has been attributed to contemporary interventions, which appear to be pivotal in reducing this disparity. This analysis focuses on deaths related to circulatory failure, their comorbidity, and the early diagnosis of diseases in order to examine the Pandora's box hypothesis of gender differences and identify the statistical frailty component affecting mortality selection. The empirical findings of this analysis indicate that patients experiencing renal and circulatory failure face a mortality risk that is at least 10% higher than those with circulatory failure alone. Furthermore, the temporal changes in mortality dynamics suggest that males are reaping greater benefits from current life-extending techniques. These results strongly imply that longitudinal studies should incorporate transplant-related data to obtain a more robust hazard ratio for clinical evaluation.