What Impact Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Era Have On the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction-Related Fatalities in Distinct Age Groups of Male and Female? A Comparison Study (2017-2022)

Abstract

Several studies, conducted earlier during the SARS, MERS, and recent COVID-19 pandemic, have indicated that coronavirus infection, particularly COVID-19 can lead to cardiac damage. There have been recorded cases of myocarditis or cardiomyopathy linked to COVID-19 vaccines, specifically those that use mRNA technology such as BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, primarily affecting males between the ages of 16 and 30. The prevalence and characteristics of sudden death due to myocardial infarction in various age groups of both males and females during the COVID-19 period have not been extensively examined as compared to the time before COVID-19. The aim of this study is to analyse and contrast the disparities in the average and proportion of abrupt fatalities associated with heart attacks (MI) in different age groups of males and females in the COVID-19 era and the time prior to the global outbreak. This study revealed that the maximum number of sudden deaths due to MI occurs at age 45 and above but below 60 years. The percent increase in mean sudden death due to MI in the Covid-19 period compared to the pre- COVID-19 period mean was highest in females (68.57%) of age groups 14 and above but below 18 years, while it was lowest in the males (9.51%) of the same age group. The lowest mean mortality, 38.5 (95% Conf. Interval-Mean-23.81 -53.19) due to MI during the study period was found in females in age groups 14 and above but below 18 years. The highest mean mortality was 9540.5 (95% Conf. Interval-Mean: 8551.93- 10529.07) due to MI during the study period observed in Male aged 45 and above but below 60 years. The overall percent increase in fatalities due to MI in 2022 compared to 2017 is greatest (88.46%) in females between 14 and 17 years, while the lowest is in females between 45 and 59 years (27.87%). In all age groups an increase in fatalities due to MI is seen in 2022 compared to 2017.