[Review] Optimizing Wastewater Treatment Performance System and Achieving Greater Efficiency to Improve Water Quality for Sustainability — A Review

Abstract

Water is one of the main sources that are utilised all over the world. The scarcity of water is due to the rapid development of urbanization, population growth, agricultural growth, industrialization, and other environmental issues arising from chemical and biological contaminants in water that turn it into pollution. It is important to manage the waste to avoid environmental and social problems. Wastewater treatment is a method to turn wastewater into valuables that can be used in domestic as well as urban agriculture. It is estimated that nearly 38,354 million litres of sewage are generated per day, but only a few are treated. In wastewater treatment, several issues arise in the primary stage due to the clogging of solid particles that accumulate in the wastewater, and then the primary pretreatment is performed to reduce these solid particles. Mainly in industries, wastewater management is essential because the toxic effluent from industrial waste can affect the environment, be harmful to aquatic organisms, and lead to contaminants and pollution. There are various methods that can be used to treat wastewater, such as using algae technology to treat wastewater generated from industries through the growth of algae, which can then be utilised in biofertilizers, biofuel production, etc. Many applications are performed in water management, such as in agriculture, the chemical industry, the tannery industry, immobilization, nanofiltration, carbon capturing technology, microbial bioremediation, and other fields. We can see the advantages and disadvantages of these applications in this article.