Author:
Willför S.,Hemming J.,Reunanen M.,Holmbom B.
Abstract
Summary
The phenolic and lipophilic extractives in the heartwood of knots from seven Scots pine trees were
analysed by GC, GC-MS and HPSEC. The knots contained large amounts of phenolic stilbenes,
1–7% (w/w), and lignans, 0.4–3% (w/w), while the stemwood contained around 1% (w/w) of stilbenes
and no detectable lignans. In young trees without stem heartwood the stilbene content in the
knots was up to 200 times that in the stem. Some in-tree and between-tree variation was seen in the
content of phenolic compounds in the knots. The ratio of pinosylvin monomethyl ether to
pinosylvin was higher in the knots than in the stemwood. The most abundant lignan was nortrachelogenin,
but also matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol and liovil were present in small amounts in the
knots. The knots also contained a complex mixture of lignan-like compounds, here called oligolignans.
The flavonoid pinocembrin was present in both stemwood and knots in amounts below
0.02% (w/w). The stilbene concentration in the radial direction, from the pith to the outer branch,
decreased or was on the same level inside the stem, while it decreased markedly in the outer
branch. The lignan concentration was on the same level or decreased slightly inside the stem, while
it decreased markedly in the branches and became almost non-existent within 10 cm out in the
branches. The knots contained large amounts (4.5–32% (w/w)) of lipophilic extractives, mainly
resin acids. Some in-tree and between-tree variation was seen for the resin acids. The abietane-type
resin acids dominated over the pimarane-type acids and abietic acid was the most abundant
resin acid in the knots and in stem heartwood. The amount of resin acids in the radial direction decreased
or was on the same level inside the stem, while a clear decrease was detected in the branches.
The profile of the distribution of resin acids and phenolic compounds was similar. The knots
also contained up to 0.5% (w/w) of diterpenyl aldehydes.
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