The Number Ten Reconsidered: Did the Pythagoreans Have an Account of the Dekad?

Author:

Deretić Irina1,Knežević Višnja2

Affiliation:

1. University of Belgrade Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy Cika Ljubina 18–20, 11000 Belgrade Serbia

2. University of Belgrade Institute of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade Serbia

Abstract

Abstract We critically reconsider an old hypothesis of the role of the dekad in Pythagorean philosophy. Unlike Zhmud, we claim that: 1) the dekad did play a role in Philolaus’ astronomical system, and 2) Aristotle did not project Plato’s theory of the ten eidetic numbers onto the Pythagoreans. We claim that the dekad, as the τέλειος ἀριθμός, should be understood in Philolaus’ philosophy as completeness and the basis of counting in Greek – as in most other languages – in a decimal system. Additionally, we argue that the number ten is not even a candidate for the τέλειος ἀριθμός in Plato’s philosophy. As a final result of our discussion, we compare and contrast Philolaus’, Plato’s, and Speusippus’ accounts of completeness in relation to numbers.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

History and Philosophy of Science,Philosophy

Reference52 articles.

1. Annas, Julia (1976): Aristotle’s Metaphysics. Books M and N. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

2. Arana Marcos, José R, ed. (1998): Platón. Doctrinas no escritas. Antología. Bilbao: Universidad del Paiìs Vasco.

3. Barnes, Jonathan (1995): The Complete Works of Aristotle. Vol. I, II. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

4. Betegh, Gábor, Pedriali, Francesca & Pfeiffer, Cristian (2013): “The Perfection of Bodies: Aristotle’s De Caelo I.1”, Rhizomata 1, pp. 30–62.

5. Bonitz, Hermann, ed. (1848): Aristotelis Metaphysica. Pars Prior. Bonn: Marcus.

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