Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as an alternative host for mass rearing the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Author:

Faustino Júnior Wilson1,Vieira de Moraes Breno2,Henrique Vieira Araújo Fausto1,Vieira Caldeira Zaira1,Lourenço de Assis Júnior Sebastião2,Siqueira da Silva Ricardo1,Serrão José Eduardo3,Monteiro de Castro e Castro Bárbara4,Plata-Rueda Angelica3,Demolin Leite Germano Leão5,Cola Zanuncio José4,Alvarenga Soares Marcus1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Agronomia , 74380 Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Diamantina , 39.100-000 , Brazil

2. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri 74380 , Diamantina , 39.100-000 , Brazil

3. Departamento de Biologia Geral , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , 36.570-900 , Brazil

4. Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , 36.570-900 , Brazil

5. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , 39.404-547 , Brazil

Abstract

Abstract Different alternative hosts can reduce or even avoid pre-imaginal conditioning of parasitoids in mass production programs. Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) may be an alternative host for mass rearing the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the parasitism, emergence, egg-to-adult period, progeny size, sex ratio, and consumption of host tissue per individual of P. elaeisis produced using S. cosmioides pupae in the laboratory. Newly formed S. cosmioides pupae were weighed, individualized in glass tubes and each one was exposed to six newly emerged P. elaeisis females during 48 h. These pupae were transferred to plastic pots until the emergence of P. elaeisis adults. Palmistichus elaeisis parasitized and emerged from 100.0 % and 87.5 % of the S. cosmioides pupae, respectively. The egg-to-adult period of P. elaeisis was 24.28 ± 0.18 days, with 109 ± 2 individuals emerging per host pupae. Mass consumption of the host was 2.56 ± 0.01 mg per parasitoid emerged. This is the first report of P. elaeisis parasitizing and developing in S. cosmioides pupae. The ease of rearing S. cosmioides with an artificial diet, and the high parasitism, emergence, and progeny size of P. elaeisis support the suitability of this alternative host to mass-rearing this parasitoid.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri

Programa Cooperativo sobre Proteção Florestal (PROTEF) do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Reference27 articles.

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2. Caldeira, Z.V., Soares, M.A., Von dos Santos Veloso, R., Souza Silva, C., Souza Pereira Costa, E., Martins dos Santos, M., Moreira da Silva, I., Silva, W.M., and Zanuncio, J.C. (2022). Acute and chronic toxicity of neem oil to the endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 1545–1550, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac109.

3. Camilo, S.S., Soares, M.A., Leite, G.L., Dos Santos, J.B., De Assis Júnior, S.L., and Zanuncio, J.C. (2016). Do floral resources in Eucalyptus plantations affect fitness parameters of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)? Phytoparasitica 44: 651–659, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-016-0549-7.

4. Costa, E.S.P., Soares, M.A., Caldeira, Z.V., Von dos Santos Veloso, R., Silva, L.A., Silva, D.J.H., Santos, I.C.L., Castro, B.M.C., Zanuncio, J.C., and Legaspi, J.C. (2020). Selectivity of deltamethrin doses on Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Sci. Rep. 10: e12395, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69200-x.

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