Serum sPD-L1 levels are elevated in patients with viral diseases, bacterial sepsis or in patients with impaired renal function compared to healthy blood donors
Author:
Loacker Lorin1ORCID, Egger Alexander1, Fux Vilmos1, Bellmann-Weiler Rosa2, Weiss Günter2, Griesmacher Andrea1, Hoermann Gregor3ORCID, Ratzinger Franz4, Haslacher Helmuth5ORCID, Schrezenmeier Hubert67, Anliker Markus1
Affiliation:
1. Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis , Tirol Kliniken GmbH , Innsbruck , Austria 2. Department of Internal Medicine II , Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria 3. MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory , Munich , Germany 4. Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories , Vienna , Austria 5. Department of Laboratory Medicine , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria 6. Institute of Transfusion Medicine , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany 7. Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm , German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Immune checkpoints play an important role in maintaining the balance of the immune system and in the development of autoimmune diseases. A central checkpoint molecule is the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) which is typically located on the surface of T cells. Its primary ligand PD-L1 is expressed on antigen presenting cells and on cancer cells. Several variants of PD-L1 exist, among these soluble molecules (sPD-L1) present in serum at low concentrations. sPD-L1 was found elevated in cancer and several other diseases. sPD-L1 in infectious diseases has received relatively little attention so far and is therefore subject of this study.
Methods
sPD-L1 serum levels were determined in 170 patients with viral infections (influenza, varicella, measles, Dengue fever, SARS-CoV2) or bacterial sepsis by ELISA and compared to the levels obtained in 11 healthy controls.
Results
Patients with viral infections and bacterial sepsis generally show significantly higher sPD-L1 serum levels compared to healthy donors, except for varicella samples where results do not reach significance. sPD-L1 is increased in patients with impaired renal function compared to those with normal renal function, and sPD-L1 correlates significantly with serum creatinine. Among sepsis patients with normal renal function, sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly higher in Gram-negative sepsis compared to Gram-positive sepsis. In addition, in sepsis patients with impaired renal function, sPD-L1 correlates positively with ferritin and negatively with transferrin.
Conclusions
sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly elevated in patients with sepsis, influenza, mesasles, Dengue fever or SARS-CoV2. Highest levels are detectable in patients with measles and Dengue fever. Also impaired renal function causes an increase in levels of sPD-L1. As a consequence, renal function has to be taken into account in the interpretation of sPD-L1 levels in patients.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine
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