Reference values for plasma and urine trace elements in a Swiss population-based cohort
Author:
Perrais Maïwenn12, Trächsel Bastien3, Lenglet Sébastien1, Pruijm Menno4, Ponte Belen5, Vogt Bruno6, Augsburger Marc1, Rousson Valentin3, Bochud Murielle3, Thomas Aurélien12
Affiliation:
1. Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology , 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland 2. Faculty Unit of Toxicology , 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland 3. 569258 Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland 4. Service of Nephrology , Lausanne University Hospitals and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland 5. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland 6. 27252 University Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Trace elements (TEs) are ubiquitous. TE concentrations vary among individuals and countries, depending on factors such as living area, workplaces and diet. Deficit or excessive TEs concentrations have consequences on the proper functioning of human organism so their biomonitoring is important. The aim of this project was to provide reference values for TEs concentrations in the Swiss population.
Methods
The 1,078 participants to the SKiPOGH cohort included in this study were aged 18–90 years. Their 24-h urine and/or plasma samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine 24 TEs concentrations: Ag, Al, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V and Zn. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate the influence of covariates (sex, age, BMI, smoking) on these results. Reference intervals for the Swiss adult population were also defined.
Results
TEs concentrations were obtained for respectively 994 and 903 persons in plasma and urine matrices. It was possible to define percentiles of interest (P50 and P95) for almost all the TEs. Differences in TEs distribution between men and women were noticed in both matrices; age was also a cofactor.
Conclusions
This first Swiss biomonitoring of a large TEs-panel offers reference values in plasma and in urine for the Swiss population. The results obtained in this study were generally in line with clinical recommendations and comparable to levels reported in other population-based surveys.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
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