Review on adherence of the literature to official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization and standardization
Author:
Mussap Michele1ORCID, Sortino Morena2, Monteverde Elena2, Tomaiuolo Rossella2ORCID, Banfi Giuseppe23, Locatelli Massimo4, Carobene Anna4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Molecular Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy 2. University Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy 3. IRCCS Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio Hospital , Milan , Italy 4. Laboratory Medicine , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
Abstract
Abstract
Albuminuria standardization is a key issue to produce reliable and equivalent results between laboratories. We investigated whether official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization are followed in the literature. The PubMed database was searched from June 1 to September 26, 2021. The search terms included urine albumin, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), and albuminuria. A total of 159 articles were considered eligible; 50.9 % reported the type of urine collection. Specifically, 58.1 % collected a random spot urine specimen, 21 % collected a first morning void, and 6.2 % collected a 24-h specimen. Overall, 15 % of articles reported data on sample shipping, storage, and centrifugation and 13.3 % mentioned the preanalytical phase without any data on albuminuria. The method for albuminuria was properly described in 31.4 % of articles; of these, 54.9 % used immunological methods, and 8.9 % contained errors or missing data. Most articles (76.7 %) expressed test results as albuminuria-to-creatininuria ratio. Different decision levels were utilized in 130 articles; of these, 36 % used a decision level of ≤30 mg/g creatininuria and 23.7 % used three decision levels (≤30, 30–300, and ≥300 mg/g). The failure to follow guidelines on albuminuria harmonization was mainly found in the preanalytical phase. The poor awareness of the importance of preanalytical steps on test result may be a possible explanation.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine
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