Prostate health index (PHI) as a reliable biomarker for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author:
Agnello Luisa1, Vidali Matteo2ORCID, Giglio Rosaria Vincenza13, Gambino Caterina Maria13, Ciaccio Anna Maria4, Lo Sasso Bruna13, Ciaccio Marcello13
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics , Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone” , Palermo , Italy 2. Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine , AOUP “P. Giaccone” , Palermo , Italy 4. University Hospital “P. Giaccone” , Palermo , Italy
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common solid cancer in men worldwide. In the last decades, the prostate health index (PHI) emerged as a reliable biomarker for detecting PCa and differentiating between non-aggressive and aggressive forms. However, before introducing it in clinical practice, more evidence is required. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the diagnostic performance of PHI for PCa and for detecting clinically significant PCa (csPCa).
Methods
Relevant publications were identified by a systematic literature search on PubMed and Web of Science from inception to January 11, 2022.
Results
Sixty studies, including 14,255 individuals, met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PHI for PCa detection was 0.791 (95%CI 0.739–0.834) and 0.625 (95%CI 0.560–0.686), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PHI for csPCa detection was 0.874 (95%CI 0.803–0.923) and 0.569 (95%CI 0.458–0.674), respectively. Additionally, the diagnostic odds ratio was 6.302 and 9.206, respectively, for PCa and csPCa detection, suggesting moderate to good effectiveness of PHI as a diagnostic test.
Conclusions
PHI has a high accuracy for detecting PCa and discriminating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa. Thus, it could be useful as a biomarker in predicting patients harbouring more aggressive cancer and guiding biopsy decisions.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine
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