Environmental and health impacts of industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan: a review

Author:

Ilyas Muhammad1,Ahmad Waqas2,Khan Hizbullah1,Yousaf Saeeda1,Yasir Muhammad34,Khan Anwarzeb5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar 25120 , Pakistan

2. Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar 25120 , Pakistan

3. Department of Geology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar 25120 , Pakistan

4. School of Geosciences , University of Petroleum Qingdao , Qingdao 266580 , China

5. Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences , University of Swat , Swat 19130 , Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract In developing countries, one of the most severe modern-day dilemmas is the management of industrial wastewater. In these countries, industrial wastewater effluents are directly discharged into the natural drain, a sewer system, an internal septic tank or a nearby field. Some of these industrial wastewater effluents are inadequately treated or untreated before being discharged. In recent years, in developing countries, urbanization and industrial activities have led to environmental deterioration. This paper was designed to review the health and environmental impacts of inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan. The quality of industrial wastewater effluents is responsible for the degradation of the receiving water bodies. This is due to the reason that inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents may cause eutrophication in the receiving water bodies and also form a favorable condition for toxin-producing waterborne pathogens. In order to comply with the wastewater guidelines and legislations, there is a need for proper treatment before discharge. In order to minimize the risk to the environment and public health, there is a need for proper treatment processes for industrial wastewater effluents. To achieve unpolluted discharge of industrial wastewater into the receiving water bodies, regular monitoring, proper and suitable treatment, careful planning and appropriate legislation are recommended.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Health (social science)

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