Effectiveness of educational interventions for the prevention of lead poisoning in children: a systematic review

Author:

Balza Joanna1,Bikomeye Jean C.1,Flynn Kathryn E.2

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA

2. Department of Medicine , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Childhood exposure to lead has severe health consequences including long-term physical, behavioral, and learning problems. Lead poisoning often occurs in the home and persists as a form of environmental injustice, disparately impacting certain children based on factors such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and race. Because abatement is costly, many prevention programs rely on educational interventions. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in children. Content Following PRISMA-P guidelines, a librarian-guided search strategy incorporated database-specific subject headings and keywords related to lead poisoning and education, and encompassed four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened the results for those that met inclusion criteria (original research, study population of children under 18 years, inclusion of an educational intervention, outcome of BLL). Summary and Outlook We screened the titles of 2,062 non-duplicate studies, the abstracts of 78 studies, and full texts of 23 articles, resulting in 17 articles that met eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies used multi-pronged interventions, which precluded comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the educational component. Interventions that had success in lowering BLL included some notable elements: longevity of intervention, consideration of culture and ethnicity; use of a community or home-based approach; and provision of supplies or assistance with cleaning. Of the four of studies that used solely educational interventions, three were successful in reducing BLL. Among the 12 studies that used a control group, six found their interventions to be successful in reducing BLL. This review found that educational interventions, either alone or as part of a multi-pronged approach, do not consistently reduce BLL in children. However, educational interventions may decrease severity of lead poisoning in children when more robust interventions are not feasible.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Reference55 articles.

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2. World Health Organization. Lead poisoning and health [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health. [cited 1 Jul 2021].

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Childhood lead poisoning prevention. Health effects of lead exposure. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/health-effects.htm. [cited 27 Jun 2021].

4. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead Information for Workers. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/lead/workerinfo.html.

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