Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
Author:
Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis123, Mohammadi Mohammad Javad4, Majdi Hasan Sh.5, Zabibah Rahman S.6, Taherian Masoume7, Prasetio Diki Bima8, Gabr Gamal A.910ORCID, Asban Parisa7, Kiani Amin7, Sarkohaki Sahar7
Affiliation:
1. Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca , Ecuador 2. Doctorate in Psychology, University of Palermo , Buenos Aires , Argentina 3. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group , CES University , Colombia 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran 5. Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College , Babylon 51001 , Iraq 6. Medical Laboratory Technology Department , College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University , Najaf , Iraq 7. Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran 8. Occupational Safety and Health Department, Faculty of Public Health , Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang , Semarang , Indonesia 9. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj 11942 , Saudi Arabia 10. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center , Giza , Egypt
Abstract
Abstract
The scientific development and economic advances have led to the identification of many pathogenic agents in hospital effluents. Hospital wastewaters are qualitatively similar to municipal wastewaters, with the difference that these wastewaters contain toxic and infectious substances and compounds that can be dangerous for the health of the environment, employees of these centers, and the entire community. Therefore, in the last few years, it has been emphasized that all hospitals and medical and health centers should have a treatment facility for their produced wastewater so that the health of the society and people is not threatened. An issue that is not paid attention to has become one of the environmental problems and concerns of the world today. The present study focused on the investigate hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and the environment. In this narrative study, the first literature search was performed with four hundred and twenty-three articles were retrieved based on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. The results of this study showed that wastewater from hospitals and medical centers can play a significant impress in polluting soil and aquatic environments and spreading infectious diseases. According to the mentioned contents, collection and treatment of hospital wastewater is essential. In addition, if hospital wastewater enters the wastewater collection network without knowing its characteristics or with incomplete treatment and finally enters the municipal wastewater treatment plant. It causes many problems, including disturbing the balance of the biological system of the treatment plant. Purification and disposal of hospital wastewater is considered a vital action based on environmental standards. The results of this study also showed that the treatment methods of this type of hospital wastewater can play a significant role in reducing the spread of diseases caused by hospital wastewater treatment, including infectious diseases. The results of this study can be very useful for politicians, the managers of the Ministry of Energy and Health and the Environmental Organization in choosing the appropriate methods and process to reduce hospital wastewater and increase the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plants.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Health (social science)
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