Dielectric Properties of Infant Formulae, Human Milk and Whole and Low-Fat Cow Milk Relevant for Microwave Heating

Abstract

AbstractThe dielectric properties of three different reconstituted infant formulae, human milk, as well as, whole and low-fat pasteurized cow milk were measured at temperature interval from (5 to 70) °C and at frequency of 2450 MHz. The dependency of the dielectric properties with temperature is presented. The values of penetration depth were determined and can be used to estimate the ideal bottle-feeding or container diameter to use in a domestic microwave oven or specific microwave equipment to pasteurize human milk in Human Milk Banks (HMB).