A Fungal Metabolite as the Male Wing Gland Pheromone of the Bumble-Bee Wax Moth, Aphomia sociella L.

Abstract

Abstract 3,4-Dihydro-9-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin [R(-)-mellein] was identified as the major component of the male wing gland pheromone of the bumble-bee wax moth, Aphomia sociella L. (Pyralidae, Galleriinae). The presence of Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm, a mellein producing microorganism, was detected in the intestines of last-instar larvae and in bumble-bee nests. Arguments for a new type of insect-fungus relationship are presented.