X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of MXene electrode material used in energy storage applications

X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of MXene electrode material used in energy storage applications – a review

Published:2024-03-05 Issue:5 Volume:66 Page:760-785
ISSN:0025-5300
Container-title:Materials Testing
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Azam Mohd Asyadi¹^ORCID,Kosnan Muhammad Akmal²^ORCID,Munawar Rose Farahiyan¹,Yin Tee Chee¹,Halim Nurhaliana Shazwani Mohd¹,Klimkowicz Alicja³,Takasaki Akito³

Affiliation:

1. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka , Durian Tunggal , Malaysia

2. Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering , Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka , Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal , Durian Tunggal , 76100 , Melaka , Malaysia

3. Shibaura Institute of Technology – Toyosu Campus , Koto-ku , Tokyo , Japan

Abstract

Abstract X-rays have many uses in screening and materials characterization applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis are among them. From the XRD data, a crystal structure can be determined by analysis of the XRD pattern, intensity, and positions of the peaks. Information about the crystallographic space group, lattice parameters, preferred orientation, and crystallite size can be derived. XPS examines the surface chemical state of a sample. This review will focus exclusively on MXene compounds and their analysis using XRD and XPS. MXene are layered compounds with a strong potential for application in energy storage. Since MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitride, the material exhibit signals indicating the presence of specific transition elements, 1s carbon, and 1s oxygen. Additionally, there is a possibility of detecting an element from group 13 or 14 of the periodic table, such as aluminum, nitrogen, or fluorine. A comprehensive study based on XRD and XPS analytical techniques of 2-dimensional electrode materials may provide advancement in the field of energy storage. MXene especially deserve attention due to their remarkable structural and electrochemical characteristics, such as conductivity, topological, and surface area, which attracted numerous researchers worldwide.

Funder

Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Link

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2023-0295/pdf

Reference104 articles.

1. F. Sima, C. Ristoscu, L. Duta, O. Gallet, K. Anselme, and I. N. Mihailescu, “Laser thin films deposition and characterization for biomedical applications,” in Laser Surface Modification of Biomaterials: Techniques and Applications, Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing, 2016, pp. 77–125.

2. N. Fleck, H. Amli, V. Dhanak, and W. Ahmed, “Characterization techniques in energy generation and storage,” in Emerging Nanotechnologies for Renewable Energy Micro and Nano Technologies, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 259–285.

3. A. A. Bunaciu, E. gabriela Udriştioiu, and H. Y. Aboul-Enein, “X-ray diffraction: instrumentation and applications,” Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 289–299, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2014.949616.

4. Y. Zhang, et al.., “2D black phosphorus for energy storage and thermoelectric applications,” Small, vol. 13, no. 28, 2017, Art. no. 1700661, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201700661.

5. A. Chauhan, “Powder XRD technique and its applications in science and technology,” J. Anal. Bioanal. Technol., vol. 5, no. 6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000212.