Affiliation:
1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Karbala , Karbala , Iraq
Abstract
Abstract
A new composite adsorbent was created by activating bentonite, a sludge, to improve its adsorption capability. These innovative adsorbents address sulfate ion pollution in wastewater treatment. Researchers used various techniques to study the composite’s surface structure, chemical, elemental, and mineralogical characteristics. The composite adsorbs over 864 mg/L of sulfate ions from wastewater with an initial concentration of 900 mg/L, demonstrating its high removal efficiency of 96%.
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