1. Jinhe Center for Economic Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28, Xianning West Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
2. Division of Economics, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107, Imun-ro , Dongdaemun-gu , Seoul 02450 , Republic of Korea
3. Department of Economics, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea