Applicability of time temperature superposition principle to an immiscible blend of polyphenyleneoxide and polyamide

Abstract

Abstract The immiscible blend of polyphenyleneoxide (PPO) and polyamide (PA) is used in several applications exposed to high temperature. The complexity of numerical modeling of such materials is dependent on their thermorheological behavior with significant simplification possibilities, if the material is found to follow the time temperature superposition (TTS) principle and show thermorheological simplicity (TRS). Hence as a precursor to selecting accurate constitutive modeling approach, the paper investigates the applicability of the TTS principle and the nature of thermorheological behavior to the blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)frequency scans were performed in the range of 0.1–100 rad/s from 0°C to 210°C at 10°C intervals. Temperature dependency was observed on the Cole-Cole plot pointing to the thermorheological complexity and the need for vertical shift factors. 2-D minimization algorithm was used to shift the isotherms horizontally and vertically to obtain master curves. Except, in the vicinity of glass transition temperature T g , the isotherms overlap to form a master curve, but further analysis considering various conditions indicate that in a strict sense TTS is not applicable to the blend when both storage G′ and loss modulus G″ are considered. However, a continuous master curve of storage modulus spanning 31 decades of time is obtained using horizontal shifting alone when loss modulus is neglected. Further testing is required to ascertain if relaxation modulus can be approximated with storage modulus alone before taking recourse to characterization methods developed for thermorheologically complex (TRC) materials.