Antenatal corticosteroids and neonatal outcomes in preterm birth in the United States

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) on neonatal outcomes in a large United States population of preterm births. Methods Retrospective cohort study utilizing the United States Natality Live Birth database from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016–2017). Women with singleton preterm births were eligible for inclusion. Out-of-hospital births, fetal anomalies, and cases where ACS exposure was unknown were excluded. Neonates from reported live births were divided into two groups based on whether the mother received ACS before delivery or not. The incidence of several reported neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups at each gestational week. Subsequently, comparisons between three gestational age groups (23 0/7 to 27 6/7, 28 0/7 to 33 6/7, and 34 to 36 6/7 weeks) were performed. Statistical analysis included use of Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression. Results Of the 588,077 live births included, 121,151 (20.6%) had been exposed to ACS. ACS use was associated with a significantly decreased odds of neonatal mortality and 5-min Apgar score <7, but an increased rate of several neonatal outcomes such as surfactant replacement therapy, prolonged ventilation, antibiotics for suspected neonatal sepsis, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Conclusions ACS administration prior to preterm birth is associated with a decrease in neonatal mortality and low Apgar scores, and increased odds of several adverse neonatal outcomes.