The effect of tablet detergent wastewater using zeolite from rice husk ash on the chemical water quality and the growth of water hyacinth

Abstract

Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the effect of detergent tablets containing zeolite from rice husk ash as builder on chemical water quality and growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Water hyacinth is a plant that grows very readily in waters contaminated by detergent effluent, which can lead to eutrophication. Three detergent formulations were studied, differing only in their zeolite content: F1 (zeolite 15%), F2 (zeolite 20%) and F3 (zeolite 25%). The same formulations containing sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) instead of zeolite were used for comparison: P1 (STTP 15%), P2 (STTP 20%) and P3 (STTP 25%). The effluents contained the respective formulations at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100)%. Water hyacinth growth was studied by plant wet weight, plant height, number of leaves and dry weight, and water chemical parameters were determined by chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS) and pH value. The results of the plant growth studies showed that detergent formulations F1 and F2 and comparative detergent formulations P1 and P2 caused plant growth. The measurements of BOD, COD, TSS and pH showed that the detergent formulation with zeolite had a higher value than the formulation of the comparison detergent. The formulation with a zeolite concentration of 25% (F3) is recommended because it is the best formula that has a negative effect on plant growth compared to formulations F1 and F2. This is supported by chemical parameters among which the COD, BOD and pH values still meet the requirements of the quality standards for detergent waste water.